Chapter+16+Preassessment

Do Now – Define: __solute__ and __solvent__

CW – As a class, read Connecting to Your World which relates limestone cave formation to solutions and their relation to sinkholes; and answer the question: What causes the formation of limestone caves?

Then, Make a graphic organizer (Tri-fold paper) comparing and contrasting the three (3) types of solutions – __saturated solution__, __unsaturated solution__, and __supersaturated solution__. Make sure to Use the terms: __solute__, __solvent__ and __solubility__. And that you include definitions of other related terms (eg. Solvation & crystallization.)

Define all the vocabulary terms for chapter 16 and complete notes/KWL chart (see below). How do Stirring (agitation), temperature and particle size affect Solution Formation? || The compositions of the solvent and solute determine whether a substance will dissolve. Stirring (agitation), temperature and surface area will determine how fast the substance will dissolve || Temperature & pressure affect the solubility of gaseous solutes. (How does temperature affect gases dissolved in liquids versus solids dissolved in liquids?) ||
 * K - what you **K**now || **W ** - **W**hat you need to know || L - what you **L**earned ||
 * solute || What causes the formation of limestone caves? || Groundwater, rain, and melted snow soaks into the ground and dissolves a significant amount of limestone ||
 * solvent || Saturated solution ||  ||
 * <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.33px;">nonpolar || <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.33px;">solubility || <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.33px;"> Solubility is somewhat like / similar to population density. Both describe concentration of objects w/ __solubility__; objects are molecules or ions dissolved in a given quantity (amount) of __solvent__. With population density, objects are organisms per unit area. Population density is not limited; however, the exact amount of solute that a (particular) solvent holds at specific conds is fixed/constant. ||
 * <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.33px;">hydrogen bonds || <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.33px;">Unsaturated solution ||  ||
 * || <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.33px;">miscible ||  ||
 * || <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.33px;">Immiscible (see Fig. 16.3 – Why do the two liquids not mix? || <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.33px;">For nonpolar liquids to mix with water, hydrogen bonds must be broken and replaced by much weaker forces btw water & the nonpolar compound. The forces of attraction between molecules are maximized if the liquids aren’t mixed. ||
 * || <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.33px;">Supersaturated solution ||  ||
 * || <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.33px;">Henry’s Law || <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.33px;">(See hammer/nail analogy below.)   ||
 * || <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.33px;">Identify the factors that determine the rate at which a solute dissolves.
 * || <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.33px;">What units are usually used to express the solubility of a solute || <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.33px;">g/100 g ||
 * <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.33px;">Supersaturated solution || <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.33px;">What factors affect solubility? Identify the factors that determine the mass of solute that will dissolve in a given mass of solvent. || <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.33px;">Temperature (solids, liquids & gas)
 * || <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.33px;">Compare and contrast the effect of agitation on solubility of gases and solids

<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.33px;">How is the solubility of a gas affected by pressure? || <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.33px;">(High pressure keeps a gas in solution; reduced pressure allows it to escape.) The effect of temperature on the solubility of gases in liquid solvents is the opposite of that of solids. ||
 * || <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.33px;">If the prefix //im//- means “not,” what would you call two liquids that are insoluble in each other? What other words begin with //im//- and what do they mean? || <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.33px;">Two liquids that are insoluble in each other are called immiscible. Similarly, the word //immense// means transcending ordinary measurement, or not capable of normal measurement. The word //immobile// means incapable of being moved. ||
 * <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.33px;">Henry’s Law ||  || <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.33px;">The action of gas pressure down on the surface of a liquid. And increased sol. Of the gas in the liq. Is like a hammer driving a nail into a pc of wood. When you hit the nail harder, more of the nail is driven into the wood. The hammer is analogous to pressure, the nail to solute gas, and the wood to solvent liquid. ||
 * || <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.33px;">solvation || <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.33px;">Solvation explains how agitation, temp. & part. Size affect rate of solution formation. (Which Factor(s) affects solubility of a substance?) (Temperature ONLY) How is solubility of a gas affect by the press of the gas above the liquid? (Solubility of the gas increases w/increased Pressure) ||
 * || <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.33px;">How do/can you make rock candy? || <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.33px;">Write a process for growing rock candy. (step-by-step procedure) ||
 * || <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.33px;">Distinguish btw factors that affect sol. And affect rate of solution || <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.33px;">(agitation & particle size) Solubility Is the amount of a substance that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent whereas rate of solution is amount of solute entering a solution per unit time. Temp. is the only factor that affects both the rate of sol’n and sol. ||
 * || <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.33px;">Read __Blood composition and health__ (p. 479) and Name some of the molecular and ionic solutes found in the bloodstream. ||  ||